WOVO.org

World Organization of Volcanic Observatories

261020 - 267010
^{(was 1601 - 1607)}
Centre for Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation (CVGHM)
(Pusat Vulkanologi & Mitigasi Bencana Geologi)
^{(Formerly Volcanological Survey of Indonesia)}
Diponegoro 57
Bandung
Jawa Barat
40122
Indonesia

Director of VSI :  Dr Surono

           Chief of Observation Division, Western Indonesia             Mas Atje Purbawinata
           Chief of Observation Division, Eastern Indonesia              Syamsul Rizal
           Chief of Center for Research and Development                 Antonius Ratdomopurbo

Scientific staff:

Surano :  Geophysics
Isya Nurahmat Dana : Geophysics
Eddy Mulyadi :  Geophysics
Rosgandika Mulyana :  Geology
Sjafra Dwipa  :  Geophysics
Suratman  : Seismology
Kaswanda  : Remote sensing
Olas  : Seismology
Tulus  : Seismology
Immanuel N. Doko :  Seismology
Igan Supriatman  : Geology
Kastiman Sitorus :  Geology
Akhmad Zaenudin  : Geology
Deden Wahyudin :  Geology
W.E. Rohi :  Seismology
Asnawir Nasution : Geothermy/ Geology
Rachman Hasan : Geothermy
Mawardi :  Geology
Rudy Dalimin Hadisantono : Geology
Rivai Chaniago :  Geology
Imam Suraji :  Geology
Rudy Bacharudin :  Remote Sensing
Dendi Surya Kusuma :  Geology
Henry Sundhoro :  Geology
Dali Ahmad Musnandar : Physics
Ahmad Baridji Wiria : Geothermy
Sriwidodo : Geothermy
Sujanto : Geology
Setiadarma Dirasutisna : Geology
Suparman : Geology
Eka Kadarsetia : Geology
Mamiek Slamet Santoso : Geology
Dani Aswin : Geology
Ony Kurnia Suganda : Geology
Dadi Mulyadi : Geology
Tjetjep Setiawan :Geology
Yan Saut H. Simatupang : Geology
Iryanto : Geology
Agus Solihin : Geology
Ling Kusnadi : Geology
Bakrun : Geology
Wawan Irawan : Geology
Wazil Effendi : Geology
Agung Pribadi : Geology
Kusdaryanto : Geology
Soeherman Hassan Hussein : Geology
Sandjangwirengrana
Tatang Yohana Adidjaja : Physics
Cecep Sulaeman : Physics
Subandriyo : Physics
Yusep Hidayat : Physics
Agus Sampurno : Physics
Harun Said : Geophysics
Gede Suantika : Geophysics
I Gusti Agung Nandaka : Geophysics
Kristianto : Geophysics
Nia Kumia Praja : Astronomy
Moch. Badrudin : Geochemist
Sri Sumarti : Geochemist
Dedi Kusnadi : Geochemist
Euis Sutaningsih : Geochemist
Terry Sriwana : Geochemist
Priatna : Geochemist
Hartono Widodo : Geology
Enar Kusdinar : Geology
Irianto : Geology
Muhamad Hedrasto : Geology
Soetoyo : Geology
Dewi Sri Sayudi : Geology
Kasbani : Geology
M.Ch.Supriyati Dwi Andreastuti : Geology
Imam Santoso : Geology
Zainuddin : Geology
Isa Nursusanto : Geology
Sri Hidayati : Geology
Yogi Sasongko : Geology
Arif Munandar : Geology
Rina Wahyuningsih : Geology
Imam Kristian Sinulingga : Geology
Hendra Gunawan : Geology
Mochamad Nugraha : Geology
Kartadinata
Agus Budianto : Geology
Sumarna Hamidi : Geology
Ruska Hadian : Geology
Nikmatul Akbar : Geology
Mohammad Parlin : Geology
Deddy Mulyadi : Geology
Yuhan : Geology
Salman Palgunadi : Geology
Mohamad Chazin Muksin : Geology
Bangbang Sulaeman : Geology
Achmad Adnan : Applied Science in Volcanology

Indonesia has 129 active volcanoes, of which about 79 erupted in the last 400 years. Sixty six volcanoes are continuously monitored from 76 volcano observatories.

VISUAL OBSERVATION

Visual observations are continuously carried out on the active volcanoes all over Indonesia, especially those which have field observatory. The visual observation consists of volcano attitude, blazer sound, temperature measurement, lava dome growth and environment condition.

SEISMIC OBSERVATION

In seismic observation, VSI utilises mechanic, electromagnetic seismometers and Radio Teleseismic System. These equipments are installed at each volcanoes which have Volcano Observatory, to monitor its activities.

Sumatra Island

At Marapi and Talang Volcanoes, seismometers are respectively installed which signals are sent to the corresponding Volcano Observatories by wireless system and recorded on PS 2.

Krakatau volcano is equipped with a telemetered seismic station which signals are sent to Krakatau Volcano Observatory Pasauran (West Java), Kalianda (South Lampung) radio and are recorded on PS 2.

Tandikat Volcano Observatory, Peut Sague, Seulawah Agam, Sorik Marapi, Kerinci, Kaba, Dempo are equipped with one vertical component of RTS.

Java Island

One vertical component of seismometer station is installed in every volcano namely: at Dieng, Lamongan, Ijen Raung, Slamet, Sundoro, Arjuno Welirang, Bromo by using wireless system, the signals are recorded on PS 2 in the corresponding Volcano Observatory.

At Argosuko, one of Semeru Volcano Observatory is equipped with Wiechert mechanic seismograph.

Three vertical components of RTS are each, installed at Guntur, Merapi, Kelud and Semeru volcanoes for monitoring their activities respectively.

Babadan Volcano Observatory of Merapi is equipped with one vertical component Hosaka electromagnet seismograph.

One vertical component of RTS is installed at Tangkubanparahu Volcano. The signals are transmitted to its Observatory by radio and recorded on PS 2.

Six vertical and two horizontal seismometers are installed at Merapi volcano. The signals from 6 seismic stations are transmitted by radio telemetered system to Merapi Volcano Observatory at Yogyakarta and recorded on papers of Sprengnether VR 65.

Bali Island

Two sets of horizontal component Hosaka electronic seismometers are installed at Agung Volcano. Using wire system, the signals are sent to Batulompeh and Budakeling Volcano Observatories of Agung and are recorded on smoked paper Hosaka drum recorder.

One vertical component L-4C Sprengnether seismometer is also installed at Agung Volcano. The signals are sent to Rendang Volcano Observatory by radio telemetered system and recorded on drum of Sprengnether MEQ 800.

Two horizontal component Weichert mechanical seismograph is utilized at Budakeling Volcano Observatory for monitoring Agung Volcano activities.

Batur Volcano Observatory is equipped with one vertical component of RTS.

Nusatenggara Islands

Three vertical component Hosaka electromagnet seismometers are installed at Ebulobo, Iya, Kelimutu and Ili Boleng volcanoes. The signals from each volcano are sent by wire system to each Volcano Observatory and recorded on smoked paper Hosaka recorder.

One vertical component Hosaka electromagnet seismometer is installed at Ili Werung volcano. The signals are recorded on smoked papers Hosaka recorder in its Volcano Observatory.

One vertical component of RTS are each installed at Rinjani, Tambora, Sangeangapim, Anak Ranakah, Inelika, Inerie, Sirung, for monitoring their activities respectively.

Sulawesi Island

Three vertical component of RTS are installed at Lokon, Mahawu and Soputan volcanoes which are monitored at Kakaskasen Volcano Observatory. By using radio system, they are connected for signals transmission.

At Awu, Karangetang, Ruang, Ambang, Tangkoko, Colo the Volcano Observatories are equipped with one vertical component of RTS.

Maluku islands

One vertical component Hosaka electromagnet seismograph are installed at Bandaapi Volcano Observatory and Kie Besi Volcano Observatory.

One vertical and one horizontal components Hosaka electromagnet seismometer are installed at Gamalama volcano. The signals are sent to Gamalama Volcano Observatory by wire and recorded on smoked drum Hosaka recorder.

One vertical component of RTS are installed at Gamkonora, Dukono, Wurlali Volcano Observatory.

ELECTRO DISTANCE MEASUREMENT (EDM)

VSI has two sets of EDM equipment, Range Master - 3 model. They are periodically utilized to monitor Tangkubanparahu, Galunggung and Merapi volcanoes, once in two months respectively.

At Tangkubanparahu volcano, 3 permanent and 5 mobile reflectors around the summit are installed which are shot from 4 stationary points. At Galunggung volcano, 3 mobile reflectors are installed which shot from two stationary points. At Merapi volcano, 5 permanent and 1 mobile reflectors are installed which are shot from three stationary points.

TILTMETER

One set of Water-Tube Tiltmeter is installed at Tangkubanparahu Volcano Observatory which daily reading monitors the volcano activities. Six drytilt stations at Tangkubanparahu, 4 at Galunggung, 6 at Merapi, 8 at Kelud volcanoes are equipped with Wild NA2 levelling meter which is equipped with micrometer GMP-3. VSI has two sets of Wild NA2 at Bandung.

GEOLOGIC MAPPING OF VOLCANOES

By geology mapping of a volcano, some general informations of volcano characters will be obtained. The results can be used for volcano observation, basic data for hazard map reconstruction, geothermal resource investigation and other investigations.

HAZARD MAP

This kind of map is needed to be teleased to public. This map delineates the extent of dangerous areas when a volcano erupts, especially the extent of lahar distribution around the volcano. Lahar mapping are periodically carried out at Galunggung, Merapi, Kelud, Semeru volcanoes.

GEOCHEMISTRY

Samples of gases, rocks and water from Tangkubanparahu, Galunggung, Merapi, Kelud, Semeru, Ljen and Lamongan volcanoes are collected monthly, to be analysed in geochemistry laboratory at VSI office Yogyakarta.

GEOMAGNETISM

Three sensors of magnetometer are installed at the foot and volcanic body of Merapi volcano which are linked to " magnetometer, a resonance multiple " at Plawangan Volcano Observatory of Merapi. Daily readings are carried out to monitor Merapi activities. Using " Elese type 770, 595/175, Austral and Fluxgate MFD-4 Scintrex portable proton magnetometers, Kelud, Gede, Guntur, Tangkubanparahu and Merapi volcanoes are investigated at half year intervals.

SELF POTENTIAL

Using voltmeter and two pieces of electrode, Self Potential investigation is carried out on Merapi volcano at two month intervals.

In emergency condition due to the increasing volcanic activity, the local authorities around the volcano concerned are informed by VSI as soon as possible. In the crisis, investigations, which involve additional equipment, are started to monitor in more detail the volcanic activities. Geotech teledyne RV 320 and portable seismographs are installed surrounding the volcano concerned. EDM, Tilting Measurements, Self Potential, Geomagnetism, Geochemistry investigations, lahar deposits mapping are carried out more frequently in this situation.

Information of each volcano all over Indonesia is sent to the Volcanological Survey of Indonesia headquarter, in Bandung, by " Single Side Band (SSB) ", telephone or a. In addition some Handy-talkies are used locally in the field.

 LIST OF VOLCANO OBSERVATORIES IN INDONESIA 

^{Information partially updated April 2012}